El puerto de la ciudad de Manta es uno de los principales polos del desarrollo de la pesca de atún en el Ecuador. Foto: Archivo/ El Comercio

Mario Naranjo. Editor (I)
Para que una lata de atún ecuatoriano llegue a la mesa de una familia debe cumplir una serie de requisitos. Por ejemplo, la empresa debe respetar normas de respeto al Medio Ambiente y emprender acciones de protección del ecosistema.
Esta industria, que representa el 10% de las exportaciones no petroleras del Ecuador, es una de las que más rápido adoptó en el país las normas y los procedimientos amigables con la naturaleza.
Siete de las más grandes productoras de atún de Ecuador formaron la fundación Tunacons, entidad encargada de ayudar a la capacitación y al cumplimiento de buenas prácticas de producción. Una de las metas de la organización es conseguir que Ecuador logre la MSC, que es la certificación mundial más prestigiosa del mundo para la industria pesquera.
Tunacons busca convenios con organizaciones regionales y mundiales para dotar a la industria ecuatoriana de normas y procedimientos que permitan preservar la especie y cuidar el ecosistema. Además, denuncian las actividades de pesca ilegal.
“Vamos más allá de las regulaciones. Impulsamos, a través del gobierno, que haya más regulaciones que aseguren un ‘stock’ sostenible para futuras demandas”, señaló Melissa Aguirre, gerente de asuntos corporativos de Nirsa. Esta empresa fue la que impulsó la creación de Tunacons.
Alimento campeón
El Programa Mundial de Alimentos (PMA) considera al atún como un pilar fundamental en la seguridad alimentaria. Esto se debe a que es una proteína de alto valor, que contiene todos los requerimientos de vitaminas y nutrientes que necesita el cuerpo humano.
“Ellos lo recomiendan para combatir la desnutrición crónica infantil”, dijo Aguirre. Según datos del PMA, el consumo de atún favorece el aprendizaje en niños y niñas en edad escolar. También se recomienda el consumo en mujeres embarazadas y lactantes.
En Perú, por ejemplo, el Gobierno consiguió revertir los índices de desnutrición crónica mediante el consumo de este producto en menores y madres en situación de riesgo.
Por los beneficios que da el consumo de esta proteína es que las Naciones Unidas celebra en mayo el Mes del Atún, para recordar a la población el valor que tiene este alimento y a la industria de la importancia de trabajar por su cuidado y conservación.
Según recomendaciones mundiales, una persona debería consumir tres veces a la semana atún, sardinas y otros pescados considerados de la familia de la pesca azul. En Ecuador, el consumo de atún es de 7,8 kilos por persona al año, muy por debajo de la recomendación mundial que es de 21,8 kilos anuales por persona.
Estas recomendaciones incluyen al atún fresco en cualquier preparación y al producto en conserva de lata.
Buenas prácticas
Las empresas ecuatorianas agrupadas en Tunacos implementan mecanismos biodegradables para la captura del animal. Tradicionalmente la industria utiliza redes y cabos plásticos para la captura del atún, los que luego de ser utilizados quedan a la deriva como basura marina, que afecta a los otros seres vivos del mar.
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