La basura oceánica y la sobreexplotación pesquera están entre los principales factores que amenazan el equilibrio de los ecosistemas marinos en todo el mundo, en especial, de las zonas con alta riqueza faunística.
Tal es el caso del archipiélago de Galápagos y su reserva marina, donde viven más de 3.500 especies de animales y flora, registrados oficialmente. Por ello, la conservación de su naturaleza es una labor de las autoridades de Gobierno, oenegés y del sector privado.
A esta actividad se ha sumado decididamente una coalición de organizaciones del sector pesquero artesanal e industrial, que lanzaron la iniciativa ‘Cuidando Galápagos’.
El objetivo: reducir la contaminación marina a través de la recolección de basura oceánica y de plantados varados en alta mar, así como asistencia técnica para el manejo sostenible de las pesquerías artesanales en el archipiélago.
Para el desarrollo e implementación de la iniciativa se unieron el Grupo de Conservación del Atún (Tunacons), la Corporación de Organizaciones de Pesca Artesanal de Galápagos (Corpag), la Federación Nacional de Cooperativas Pesqueras del Ecuador (Fenacopec), la Cámara Nacional de Pesquería (CNP) y la Asociación de Atuneros del Ecuador (Atunec).
Guillermo Morán, gerente de Tunacons, explicó que el primer componente de ‘Cuidando Galápagos’ es recoger la basura del océano antes de que llegue a las islas y bajar el impacto que estos desechos generan en el ecosistema.
Según datos del Parque Nacional Galápagos, en 2021, se recolectaron 13 toneladas de desechos en las jornadas de limpieza que se realizaron en las playas, zonas de manglar y otros lugares de la provincia.
Por el lado de los plantados, que son sistemas de atracción de atún para facilitar su pesca, se estima que la flota atunera ecuatoriana utiliza entre 5.000 y 6.000 unidades al año, y que a Galápagos llegan menos del uno por ciento.
“Pero así sea pequeña la cantidad, vamos a trabajar para que la incidencia de los plantados sea cero”, aseguró Morán.
Para ejecutar este trabajo el aporte de los pescadores artesanales será fundamental, pues ellos se encargarán de recolectar la basura oceánica y los plantados en alta mar y también la basura submarina , explicó Juan Carlos Torres, presidente de la Corpag.
Los desechos se trasladarán hasta un centro de acopio y clasificación para reutilizar el material reciclable y hacer la disposición adecuada de los materiales que ya no se pueden usar. Por este, trabajo los pescadores recibirán un incentivo económico.
En Galápagos, hay alrededor de 700 pescadores artesanales activos, y están registradas 400 embarcaciones.
El rol de los armadores de barcos, que son parte de Tunacons, CNP y de Atunec, será reportar la presencia de los desechos antes de que entren a zonas cercanas a las islas, enviar las coordenadas y establecer una coordinación para la captación de los mismos .
El trabajo de recolección comenzará en marzo , luego de culminar la compra de equipos, la capacitación a los pescadores y definir la estrategia con las cooperativas de pescadores artesanales.
Mejoramiento pesquero
El segundo componente de ‘Cuidando Galápagos’ es trabajar en proyectos de mejoramiento pesquero (FIP, por sus siglas en inglés) en las pesquerías donde actualmente falta información sobre su captura o no hay planes de manejo.
En la actualidad, solo las pesquerías de langosta y pepino de mar cuentan con medidas de ordenamiento para el cuidado de la especie en el archipiélago.
Pero hay otros recursos pesqueros como el langostino, pulpo, bacalao, guajo, lisa, etcétera, cuyo estado de la población es desconocido y por tal motivo no hay regulación pesquera.
Morán manifestó que la idea es trabajar en la creación de los FIP’s para la lograr una pesquería sostenible, para lo cual se necesita establecer sistemas de información y trazabilidad, estrategias de mejora competitivas enfocadas en eco eficiencia y que cuentan con una certificación.
Paralelamente, el sector pesquero debe trabajar de forma conjunta con el Parque Nacional Galápagos y la Subsecretaría de Recursos Pesqueros para establecer controles, monitoreos y sanciones a fin de lograr una buena administración de las pesquerías.
Dana Zambrano, subsecretaria de Recursos Pesqueros, expresó su respaldo a la iniciativa, de la cual espera que también se extienda hasta la generación de negocios para los pescadores. “Ahí vamos a dar nuestro apoyo, nuestra asesoría técnica en el fomento productivo”, agregó.
En todos los componentes de ‘Cuidando Galápagos’ se cuenta con el acompañamiento del Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza (WWF), que brinda su asistencia técnica.
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Ocean trash and overfishing are among the main factors threatening the balance of marine ecosystems around the world, especially in areas with high faunal richness.
Such is the case of the Galapagos archipelago and its marine reserve, home to more than 3,500 officially registered species of animals and flora. For this reason, the conservation of nature is a task for government authorities, NGOs, and the private sector.
A coalition of organizations from the artisanal and industrial fishing sector has joined in this activity, launching the ‘Caring for Galapagos’ initiative.
The objective: to reduce marine pollution through the collection of ocean garbage and FADs stranded in the high seas, as well as technical assistance for the sustainable management of artisanal fisheries in the archipelago.
The Tuna Conservation Group (Tunacons), the Corporation of Artisanal Fishing Organizations of Galapagos (Corpag), the National Federation of Fishing Cooperatives of Ecuador (Fenacopec), the National Chamber of Fisheries (CNP), and the Association of Tuna Farmers of Ecuador (Atunec) joined forces to develop and implement the initiative.
Guillermo Morán, manager of Tunacons, explained that the first component of “Caring for Galapagos” is to collect garbage from the ocean before it reaches the islands and reduce the impact that this waste has on the ecosystem.
According to data from the Galapagos National Park, in 2021, 13 tons of waste were collected in the cleanup days that took place on the beaches, mangrove areas and other places in the province.
As for FADs, which are systems for attracting tuna to facilitate their fishing, it is estimated that the Ecuadorian tuna fleet uses between 5,000 and 6,000 units per year, and that less than one percent arrive in Galapagos.
“But even if the amount is small, we are going to work so that the incidence of FADs is zero,” said Morán.
To carry out this work, the contribution of artisanal fishermen will be fundamental, since they will be in charge of collecting ocean garbage and FADs in the high seas, as well as underwater garbage, explained Juan Carlos Torres, president of Corpag.
The waste will be taken to a collection and classification center to reuse the recyclable material and properly dispose of the materials that can no longer be used. The fishermen will receive an economic incentive for this work.
There are approximately 700 active artisanal fishermen in Galapagos, and 400 boats are registered.
The role of the boat owners, who are part of Tunacons, CNP and Atunec, will be to report the presence of the waste before it enters areas near the islands, send the coordinates and establish coordination for the collection of the waste.
The collection work will begin in March, after the purchase of equipment, the training of fishermen and the definition of the strategy with the artisanal fishermen’s cooperatives.
Guillermo Morán, manager of Tunacons, explained the components of the initiative at the launch of ‘Caring for Galapagos’.
Fisheries improvement
The second component of ‘Caring for Galapagos’ is to work on fishery improvement projects (FIPs) in fisheries where there is currently a lack of catch information or management plans.
Currently, only the lobster and sea cucumber fisheries have management measures in place to protect the species in the archipelago.
But there are other fishery resources such as shrimp, octopus, cod, wahoo, mullet, etc., whose population status is unknown and for this reason there is no fishing regulation.
Morán said that the idea is to work on the creation of FIPs to achieve a sustainable fishery, for which it is necessary to establish information and traceability systems, competitive improvement strategies focused on eco-efficiency and that have a certification.
At the same time, the fishing sector must work together with the Galapagos National Park and the Undersecretary of Fisheries Resources to establish controls, monitoring and sanctions to achieve good fisheries management.
Dana Zambrano, Undersecretary of Fisheries Resources, expressed her support for the initiative, which she hopes will also extend to the generation of business for fishermen. “There we are going to give our support, our technical advice in productive development,” she added.
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) provides technical assistance for all the components of “Caring for Galapagos”.
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