l 20 % de los Dispositivos Agregadores de Peces que utilizan los pescadores asociados a la Fundación para la conservación de atunes son biodegradables
- KATHERINE ARGUDO GONZÁLEZ
Actualizado 06/01/2022 13:29
La pesquería alrededor del mundo utiliza los plantados como una herramienta para atraer a los cardúmenes de peces, sin embargo, estos son elaborados generalmente con materiales sintéticos que constituyen un alto impacto ambiental para los océanos.
En Ecuador, los pescadores de atún son los primeros en el mundo en elaborar estos utensilios con materiales 100 % orgánicos, con una fibra vegetal que se cultiva en el país, y que desde este mes de enero la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical (CIAT) da paso a las primeras pruebas de resistencia y niveles de captura del mismo, los cuales se están utilizando en toda la costa regional.
Los Dispositivos Agregadores de Peces (DAPs o FADs por sus siglas en inglés), o también conocidos como plantados, son objetos flotantes naturales o artificiales, que los pescadores utilizan para atraer peces y facilitar su captura.
Para Ecuador, hasta octubre del 2021, la exportación de atún ha significado un ingreso de cerca del 11 % del PIB, según la Asociación de Bancos del Ecuador. En Latinoamérica, el 27 % de las exportaciones de atún provienen de Ecuador.
Por lo que, en el país el cambio de los plantados sintéticos a materiales de origen vegetal EcoFADs, representaría una disminución en la huella ambiental de las áreas marinas.Las embarcaciones pesqueras asociadas se han comprometido a utilizar el 20 % de los EcoFADs en sus capturas
El uso de plantados es un método altamente efectivo para la captura del atún. El objetivo del uso de esta herramienta hecha a base de materiales vegetales es abrir camino a prácticas más sostenibles de pesca.
La investigación sobre materiales degradables de origen vegetal para la elaboración de los EcoFADs lleva en desarrollo desde el 2017, junto con la fundación de pesca sostenible de atún Tunacons, la carrera de Ingeniería Textil de la Universidad Técnica del Norte de la ciudad de Ibarra y WWF Ecuador.
El EcoFADs se ensambla a base de fibra natural de abacá, reforzado con caucho vegetal. De estos plantados orgánicos hay evidencia sobre la eficiencia de toneladas de captura similar a los tradicionales de origen sintético.
El Abacá está demostrando ser la fibra de hoja más resistente ante la alcalinidad del agua de mar. Esta se sostiene de otros materiales compuestos de caña de madera y palo de balsa, que hasta el momento promedia una duración de 72 días de uso en ambiente salino.
Guillermo Morán Velasquez, director de Tunacons, señala que el principal objetivo del uso de los plantados biodegradables es disminuir la contaminación marina, al mismo tiempo que “ayuda reducir los enredos de especies marinas vulnerables” por ser plantados no enmallantes.
Se prevé que para el 2023 se amplíe la producción de EcoFADs, y que junto con el CIAT analizar la duración precisa de estos nuevos plantados y así extender su uso.
Nuestro propósito a mediano plazo es que usemos el 100 % de plantados degradablesGuillermo Morán Velasquez
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